To draw a bend of timber in the midships

In the last page you were instructed in the several narrowing lines, and also the height ofbreadth lines which relate unto the several bends of timber, which you will find perfected in the following problem, where you will see the whole draught, with every line and bends of timber drawn as they ought. And fearing the multitude of lines may hinder your understanding and cause it to seem dubious, I shall therefore in this whole sheet show you the way of beginning

how to draw the bends of timbers, which when you have seen will prepare you to apprehend them, where they be drawn one within another, and how they be wrought.

As, for example, suppose I would strike out the first bend of timbers in the greatest breadth in the midships, which I do thus. Take from your draught the half breadth of the ship, which is 18 feet, and strike it on the place you intend, as thus, in the line AB. This line is derived from the narrowing line of the greatest breadth, which in your last problem is the line DEFG, 18 feet, as you have often heard.

Now having struck this line, the half breadth of the ship, mark it with AB. I make that line my basis for the rest, and do raise a perpendicular at the end of the line at B to the line C, as thus. Which perpendicular shall be the middle line to guide the whole frame, setting off all other breadths from that line.

Having done the perpendicular BC, I take from my draught the just half breadth, which is 18 feet. Setting one leg of the compasses from C to D, and from B to A, I strike the line DA, parallel to the line CB, always remembering these two perpendiculars be so deep as the ship from the upper edge of the keel to the top of the side. And thus is the half breadth of the ship bounded by these two perpendiculars, BC and AD.

Having done this halfbreadth as the last you was shown, by bounding it with two perpendiculars, I look again into my draught, and the height of breadth, which is from the upper edge of the keel

and to the red line, and is 13 feet 8 inches, which I set off parallel from the line AB, and is the line EF. This line is the height of breadth line in the midships, and is the largest extent for breadth which you will find in your whole draught.

Having done with the former, you look again into your draught and take the half of the floor, which you have been told is near 6 feet. When you have done, you set one leg of your compasses in B to H, and from F to G, and strike the line GH parallel to FB. This line GH is the utmost bounds of the half breadth of your floor, on which you will find we set the centre of the sweeps for the lower futtocks and floor timber heads, as you will soon perceive, and also bounds the floor in its utmost breadth.

Having prepared these lines, you look again on your draught, and find how much you are to tumble home your toptimber, which line you find it to be near 1/4 of your half breadth of floor, which is 4 feet. Which you take off with your compasses and set from D to I, always remembering this tumbling home is at the top of the ship's side. And now have you prepared your work, to sweep out the midship bends, and have raised all your lines of the greatest extent, within which you are to set off all your narrower bends as you proceed aft, always remembering this is but half the ship.

The other is like, only omitted for brevity, and is needless to set down. The like lines you must make for to work your forward timbers, they being of another shape and not like those aft. Having thus taken off these lines from your plate, I shall show you the sweeps which shall make a good midship bend.

Now all the lines are prepared for sweeping out the midship bend, I take from my scale one fourth part of my whole breadth of my ship, which is 9 feet, and set one leg of my compasses in the floor line at K and sweep it from H to L. This sweep is called the floor sweep. Having done with that, I take t of the floor sweep and strike it under the breadth line, downwards from E to N, and the centre M.

Having prepared those two sweeps above mentioned, I take 20/36 of my breadth, setting one leg of my compasses in 0, and strike the line from L to N. The sweep is the sweep which maketh the upper and lower futtock moulds, as you will perceive ere you have done.

Having done all my sweeps under the breadth, I come unto my toptimber, for which I take : 17/18 of the half breadth, which is 17 feet, setting one leg of my compasses in P and strike the sweep from E to R. Having done that, I take the same sweep and strike a hollow for the head of the toptimber, by the same radius the last was struck by, and sweep out the hollow sweep from S to R, which sweep completes the bends of timber. By which you are to make moulds for to graduate all the rest of the bends of timbers and for the whole frame.

On the last plate you were shown how the half bends of timbers were swept out, by which you were to make your moulds, and being made with a good scarf for every timber. You are to proceed in the sweeping out the remaining K L part of the ship aft, as you find one within another where the ship is completed. But for fear raising them may be dark to the understanding, I will show you one example more to make you perfect. And shall suppose I were to raise the bend of timbers as 15 which I do thus. I look at my draught and take the rising from the keel to where the line 15 stands on the draught, which I set off from the line AB, and is the line CD.

Having done that, I also take from my draught the narrowing of my floor, which I set off the line DE, and is the line FG. This is the narrowing of floor.

Having done that, I take from the draught the height of breadth at 15, which I set off from the line AB, and is the line HI. Having done that, I take from my draught the narrowing or greatest breadth at 15, which I set off from I to H, and the like narrowing and rising for the toptimber head, which is the line KL. Now having set off all the narrowing and heights in every place, I proceed to sweep the floor sweep 9 feet as the former, setting one leg of my compasses in P and sweeping under breadth from Q to R. Having done that, I take the same 20 feet sweep of my midship bend and set one leg in S and sweep from R to 0. Having done that, I keep my centre for all the toptimbers in the midships, setting one leg at T and sweep from Q to W, and from that the hollow sweep as in the other, observing to fetch out the hollow at the stern. All the sweeps being thus struck, you have the halfbends of timbers completed at 15. In like manner are all the other.

This latter is no other than the former for its nature of working, only as the last was the bend of timbers aftward on, marked 15, this shall be a bend of timbers forward named N, which is set by

the narrowings and risings as the other, only as the one is worked aft on the starboard side, the other is worked aft on the larboard side, that one suit of moulds may serve your turn to build by. As for example I look on my draught and take the true rising from N where it stands on the keel to the rising line, and set it off from the line AB, which is the line CD. This is the rising line. Then I take from my draught the narrowing and set from the lineAE, which is the line FG. The rising or narrowing or the breadth is the same, as is often shown. Having thus done, I proceed to sweep by the same sweeps as above, sweeping out from H to I, the floor sweep, and from K to L under the breadth, from K to M above the breadth, and from M to N the top of the side, which I hope by this you see perfect the rising of the whole ship's body in every part. Only as you have

these singly, the other be one within another, as you will find in the next place you come at, as appear to your better satisfaction.